What is a AC Potentiometer ?AC Potentiometer DefinitionAn AC potentiometer measures unknown voltage by balancing it with a known voltage, including both magnitude and phase.Types of AC Potentiometers Polar type Coordinate typePolar Type PotentiometerMeasures magnitude and phase angle using separate scales and components like a phase-shifting transformer.Coordinate Type PotentiometerMeasures in-phase and quadrature components of the unknown voltage using two potentiometers in one circuit.Applicat

What is a Potentiometer?Potentiometer DefinitionA potentiometer (also known as a pot or potmeter) is defined as a 3-terminal variable resistor used to control the flow of electric current by adjusting resistance.Working PrinciplePotentiometers work by moving a sliding contact across a uniform resistance, adjusting the voltage output based on the contact’s position.Types of Potentiometers Rotary potentiometer Linear potentiometerDigital PotentiometersDigital potentiometers offer higher accuracy a

What is a Flow Meter?Flow Meter DefinitionA flow meter is defined as a device that measures the flow rate of solids, liquids, or gases.Types of Flow MetersThe main types of flow meters include positive displacement, mass, differential pressure, velocity, optical, and open channel flow meters.Positive Displacement Flow MetersThese meters measure fluid flow by trapping fluid in a chamber and are robust against turbulence.Mass Flow MetersThese meters measure the mass of the fluid flowing through th

What is a Capacitance Meter?Capacitance Meter DefinitionA capacitance meter is a device used to measure the capacitance of discrete capacitors.Working PrincipleIt operates based on the proportional relationship between capacitance and a time constant.Measurement MethodCapacitance is measured using a 555 timer by calculating the time period of oscillations.Role of 555 TimerThe 555 timer acts as an astable multivibrator, with its frequency determined by the unknown capacitance (CX).Practical UsePr

What is a Varmeter?Varmeter DefinitionA varmeter is defined as an instrument used to measure the reactive power in an electrical circuit.Single Phase VarmeterIn single-phase varmeters, the pressure coil voltage leads the coil current by 90 degrees, and the reading represents the reactive power.Polyphase VarmeterPolyphase varmeters use two auto-transformers in an open delta configuration to create a phase shift for measuring reactive power.Reactive Power MeasurementReactive power is crucial to me

What is Voltmeter ?Voltmeter DefinitionA voltmeter is defined as an instrument that measures the voltage between two points in an electrical circuit.Working Principle of VoltmeterVoltmeters work by connecting in parallel to the circuit, using high resistance to measure voltage without significantly altering the circuit.Types of Voltmeters Parmanent Magnet Moving coil (PMMC) Voltmeter. Moving Iron (MI) Voltmeter. Electro Dynamometer Type Voltmeter. Rectifier Type Voltmeter Induction Type Voltmete

What is an Ammeter?Ammeter DefinitionAn ammeter is defined as a device that measures the electric current in a circuit in amperes.Working Principle of AmmeterAmmeters must have low resistance and inductive reactance to minimize voltage drop and power loss, and they are connected in series to measure current accurately.Classification or Types of Ammeter Permanent Magnet Moving Coil(PMMC) ammeter. Moving Iron (MI) Ammeter. Electrodynamometer type Ammeter. Rectifier type Ammeter.Permanent Magnet Mo

What is Megger ?Megger DefinitionA megger is defined as a device used to measure the insulation resistance of electrical components and systems, crucial for ensuring operational safety and functionality.Working PrincipleMeggers generate a testing voltage (either via a hand-cranked generator or battery) that creates a torque proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to current, helping measure the electrical resistance.Types of MeggersElectronicAdvantages Level of accuracy is very high.

The working principle and construction of an Optical Pyrometer are quite simple. We have drawn an experimental model of this type of temperature sensors. It is a measuring instrument that measures temperature of a hot glowing object.The instrument has an illuminated reference, with which the brightness of that of the hot body is matched by controlling the input electric current of the reference.When, the glow of the reference matches with the hot object through an eye piece, that electric curren

A radiation pyrometer is a device that measures the temperature of a distant object by detecting the thermal radiation it emits. This type of temperature sensor does not need to touch the object or be in thermal contact with it, unlike other thermometers such as thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). Radiation pyrometers are mainly used for measuring high temperatures above 750°C, where physical contact with the hot object is not possible or desirable.What is a Radiation Pyro