What is a Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC)?A Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) meter – also known as a D’Arsonval meter or galvanometer – is an instrument that allows you to measure the current through a coil by observing the coil’s angular deflection in a uniform magnetic field.A PMMC meter places a coil of wire (i.e. a conductor) inbetween two permanent magnets in order to create stationary magnetic field. According to Faraday’s Laws of electromagnetic induction, a current carrying conduc

In order to understand the concept of errors in measurement, we should know the two terms that defines the error and these two terms are written below:True ValueIt is not possible to determine the true value of a quantity by experiment means. True value may be defined as the average value of an infinite number of measured values when average deviation due to various contributing factor will approach to zero.Measured ValueIt may be defined as the approximated value of true value. It can be found

Basically there are three types of measuring instruments and they are Electrical measuring instruments Mechanical measuring instruments. Electronic measuring instruments.Here we are interested in electrical measuring instruments so we will discuss about them in detail. Electrical instruments measure the various electrical quantities like electrical power factor, power, voltage and current etc. All analog electrical instruments use mechanical system for the measurement of various electrical quant

The principle of working and construction of induction type meter is very simple and easy to understand that’s why these are widely used in measuring energy in domestic as well as industrial world. In all induction meters we have two fluxes which are produced by two different alternating currents on a metallic disc. Due to alternating fluxes there is an induced emf, the emf produced at one point (as shown in the figure given below) interacts with the alternating current of the other side resulti

This article aims to incorporate the reliability model of power electronic converters into power system reliability analysis. The converter reliability has widely been explored in device- and converter-levels according to physics of failure analysis. However, optimal decision-making for design, planning, operation, and maintenance of power electronic converters require system-level reliability modeling of power electronic-based power systems. Therefore, this article proposes a procedure to eva

Current is often measured directly using a data acquisition (DAQ) device.DAQ devices that measure voltage, on the other end, are frequently more easily accessible to the user.This method necessitates converting the current to voltage in order for the voltage DAQ device to read the signal.This can be accomplished with an electrical shunt, but it needs a system having a high input impedance. Calculations using established formulas are also required to determine the optimal shunt to use.Input Imped

The design and advantages of a novel light emitting diode (LED) bandwidth extension technique, based on the adoption of negative impedance converters (NICs), are discussed in the context of visible light communication systems. The design principles of the proposed negative impedance converter are introduced, with analytical derivations of the impedance frequency behaviour and the circuit performance frequency limitations. A two-transistor circuit is designed to generate a negative capacitance ov