What is Primary Load?Primary load definitionPrimary load refers to those loads that have very high demands on the power supply, and these loads may lead to serious consequences, such as life danger, significant economic losses, production stagnation, etc., if the power is cut off or the power is interrupted. Primary loads usually require a reliable power supply and often require a backup power system to ensure continued operation in the event of a primary power failure.Characteristics of primary

What is a Spike Current?Peak current definitionPeak current refers to the short and strong current peak that suddenly appears at the moment of startup of some electrical equipment or under certain conditions. Peak current usually occurs at the moment when the device is just switched on, at which time the internal circuit of the device may temporarily show a low impedance state, resulting in a sharp rise in current. The peak current has a great influence on the safety and reliability of electrica

What is Transformation Ratio?Transformer conversion ratio refers to the proportional relationship between the number of turns between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, which determines the voltage conversion capability of the transformer. The conversion ratio is one of the most basic characteristics of a transformer and is used to describe how the transformer changes the input voltage to the output voltage.DefinitionThe conversion ratio of the transformer is defined as the r

What is a Transformer Tap?Transformer tap definitionThe transformer tap refers to a number of connection points set on the winding of the transformer, allowing the transformer ratio (voltage ratio) to be adjusted by changing the number of effective turns of the winding, so as to achieve the regulation of the output voltage. The use of transformer taps can greatly improve the flexibility and reliability of the power system, especially when voltage levels need to be adjusted or in response to load

What is Capacitive Sensor?Capacitive sensor definitionCapacitive sensor is a kind of sensor based on capacitance change to detect the change of physical quantity.Working principleThe working principle of capacitive sensors is based on the definition formula of capacitance: C is capacitance. ϵ is the permittivity of the medium. A is the effective area between the plates. d is the distance between the two plates.Capacitive sensors detect changes in physical quantities by changing one or more of th

Diffusion capacitance definitionDiffused capacitance is a kind of differential capacitance effect of p-n junction when it is positively biased. It is caused by the diffusion process of different types of materials in semiconductor devices such as PN junction or MOSFET, that is, a few carriers in the doped region diffuse to the undoped region to form a space charge region, and finally appear as a capacitance effect.Basic principleWhen the PN junction is forward-biased, carriers (electrons and hol

What are Capacitive Loads?Capacitive loads definiteCapacitive loads are a special type of load in a circuit, used for absorbing and storing electrical energy. Compared with resistive loads, when receiving current, it will cause the voltage to lag and has a greater response to frequency. Capacitive loads have important applications in electronic circuits, power supply systems, as well as in the fields of energy transfer and storage.The following will introduce the definition of capacitive loads a

What is an Integral Controller?Integral controller definitionIntegral controller is another basic control algorithm in automatic control systems, usually represented by the letter "I". The integral controller adjusts the output of the controller by accumulating error signals to eliminate steady-state errors in the system.Basic principleThe basic idea of the integral controller is to accumulate error signals during the control process and use the accumulated results to adjust the output of the co

What is a Proportional Controller?Proportional controller is one of the most basic control algorithms in automatic control systems, usually represented by the letter "P". The proportional controller controls the response of the system by adjusting the output signal to be proportional to the error signal.Basic principleThe basic idea of the proportional controller is to reduce the system error by adjusting the output signal of the controller. Error is the difference between the expected value and

Controller DefinitionIn control systems, a controller is a mechanism that seeks to minimize the difference between the actual value of a system (i.e. the process variable) and the desired value of the system (i.e. the setpoint). Controllers are a fundamental part of control engineering and used in all complex control systems.Before we introduce you to various controllers in detail, it is essential to know the uses of controllers in the theory of control systems. The important uses of the control