1. Structural Classification of Substation Automation Systems1.1 Distributed System StructureThe distributed system structure is a technical architecture that realizes data collection and control through the collaborative work of multiple decentralized devices and control units. This system is composed of multiple functional modules, including monitoring and data storage units. These modules are interconnected through a reliable communication network and achieve substation automation operations

1. Performance Characteristics of Prefabricated Cabin - type SubstationsThe performance characteristics of prefabricated cabin - type substations are as follows:Small Footprint: With a modular design, it can adopt a two - layer three - dimensional layout, saving land acquisition costs.Flexibility in Station Construction: It has low requirements for the station site. The layout can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual on - site conditions (such as land shape and geology). It can be reloca

1. Main Factors Affecting the Space Utilization Rate and Operation and Maintenance Convenience of Prefabricated Cabins for Secondary Equipment1.1 Degree of Development and Perfection of Front-wiring Protection DevicesThe influence of front-wiring protection devices on the application of prefabricated cabins mainly focuses on three aspects: the layout of the switchgear cabinets, the form of cabin combination in the prefabricated cabin, and the workload of on-site construction. When the developmen

1. IntroductionCurrently, with the rapid development of the economy and science and technology, and the increasing intelligence of the informatization level, the construction of substations is also becoming more and more intelligent. Among them, cable tunnels are an important means for substations to achieve intelligence. Therefore, in practical applications, higher technical and quality requirements are needed. For example, to meet the needs of complex signal transmission, the cable tunnels in

1. Container Scheme1.1 Structural SchemeIn the container structural scheme, the container is mainly constructed from steel plates, steel beams, steel columns, corner fittings, etc. The container structure is an integrated structure formed by combining steel plates and a frame. Based on the single - layer layout of the container, finite - element software is used to establish the container structure model, and then the building load of the container structure is simulated and calculated. The calc

Feeder ProtectionDefinitionFeeder protection refers to safeguarding electrical feeders against faults to ensure the uninterrupted power supply of the grid. Feeders transmit electrical energy from substations to the load end. Given their crucial role in the power distribution network, protecting feeders from various types of faults is of utmost importance. The primary requirements for feeder protection are as follows: Selective Tripping: During a short - circuit event, only the circuit breaker cl

An important consideration for a generator circuit breaker is its current - carrying capacity. The rated currents of generators typically span from 3000 A (for 50 MVA units) to 50000 A (for 2000 MVA units). As these currents flow through the circuit breaker, heat is generated. To increase the rated current of a specific circuit breaker, it is essential to enhance the heat transfer to the surrounding environment, ensuring that the temperatures of all components remain within acceptable limits.Con

Generator Differential ProtectionDifferential protection for a generator primarily safeguards the stator windings against earth faults and phase - to - phase faults. Stator winding faults pose a significant threat, capable of inflicting severe damage on the generator. To protect the stator windings, a differential protection system is utilized to clear faults in the shortest time possible, thereby minimizing the extent of damage.Merz - Prize Circulating Current SystemIn this protection scheme, t

Currently, most secondary equipment in newly - built intelligent substations is placed inside prefabricated cabins located in the switchgear area. After the cabin bodies are manufactured, secondary equipment manufacturers enter the cabins for installation and debugging, resulting in a rather complex and cumbersome construction process. A typical 220 kV intelligent substation usually requires the setup of two prefabricated cabins: one for 220 kV and one for 110 kV. Both cabins are of Type II, wit

DefinitionA differential protection relay is one whose operation hinges on the phase difference of two or more electrical quantities. It operates based on the principle of comparing the phase angle and magnitude of the same electrical quantities.ExampleTake the comparison of the input and output currents of a transmission line as an instance. If the magnitude of the input current of the transmission line exceeds that of the output current, it indicates that additional current is flowing through