Wind energy is a renewable and clean source of power that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependence. Wind turbines are machines that convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. There are two main types of wind turbines based on the orientation of their axis: horizontal and vertical.What is a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine?A horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is defined as a wind turbine that has a horizontal or parallel axis of rotation with respect to the

Solar Energy SystemSolar energy is the light and radiant heat from the Sun that control Earth’s climate and weather and protract life. It is a renewable source of energy and originates with the thermonuclear process that transfers about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium per second. This action produces lots of heat and electromagnetic radiation. The produced heat remains in the sun and is helpful in upholding the thermonuclear reaction and electromagnetic radiation together with visible, in

A solar lantern is well-known example portable stand-alone solar electric system. It consists of all necessary components required for a standalone solar electric system in a single casing except the solar PV module. It consists mainly an electric lamp, a battery and an electronic control circuit in a single casing. The solar PV module is the separated part of the lantern. We have to connect the solar PV module to the battery terminals of solar lantern for charging purpose. Nowadays, we use sola

A single solar cell cannot provide required useful output. So to increase output power level of a PV system, it is required to connect number of such PV solar cells. A solar module is normally series connected sufficient number of solar cells to provide required standard output voltage and power. One solar module can be rated from 3 watts to 300 watts. The solar modules or PV modules are commercially available basic building block of a solar electric power generation system.Actually a single sol

Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. The working of a solar cell solely depends upon its photovoltaic effect hence a solar cell also known as photovoltaic cell. A solar cell is basically a semiconductor device. The solar cell produce electricity while light strikes on it and the voltage or potential difference established across the terminals of the cell is fixed to 0.5 vol

What is a Solar Cell?A solar cell (also known as a photovoltaic cell or PV cell) is defined as an electrical device that converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. A solar cell is basically a p-n junction diode. Solar cells are a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics – such as current, voltage, or resistance – vary when exposed to light.Individual solar cells can be combined to form modules commonly known as solar pane

Solar PanelsThe main part of a solar electric system is the solar panel. There are various types of solar panel available in the market. Solar panels are also known as photovoltaic solar panels. Solar panel or solar module is basically an array of series and parallel connected solar cells.The potential difference developed across a solar cell is about 0.5 volt and hence desired number of such cells to be connected in series to achieve 14 to 18 volts to charge a standard battery of 12 volts. Sola

The electricity produced by direct hitting of sunlight on photo – voltaic cells, is calledsolar electricity.Solar ElectricityWhen sunlight strikes on photo-voltaic solar cells, solar electricity is produced. That is why this is also referred to as Photo Voltaic Solar, or PV Solar.Principles of Solar ElectricityGeneration of electricity by using solar energy depends on the photo voltaic effect. In photo voltaic effect, semiconductor p n junction produces electric potentia when it is exposed to su

Conversion of light energy in electrical energy is based on a phenomenon called photovoltaic effect. When semiconductor materials are exposed to light, the some of the photons of light ray are absorbed by the semiconductor crystal which causes a significant number of free electrons in the crystal. This is the basic reason for producing electricity due to photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic cell is the basic unit of the system where the photovoltaic effect is utilised to produce electricity from li

The effect due to which light energy is converted to electric energy in certain semiconductor materials is known as photovoltaic effect. This directly converts light energy to electricity without any intermediate process. For demonstrating the photovoltaic effect let us assume a block of silicon crystal.The upper portion of this block is doped with donor impurities and lower portion is doped with accept or impurities. Hence the concentration of free electrons is quite high in n-type region compa