Electrical SubstationNow days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly. For fulfilling these huge power demands the modern time requires creation of bigger and bigger power generating stations. These power generating stations may be hydro-electric, thermal or atomic. Depending upon the availability of resources these stations are constructed different places. These places may not be nearer to load centers where the actual consumption of power takes place.So it is necessary to trans

The massive transmission of electricity in the form of DC over long distances by means of submarine cables or overhead transmission line is the high voltage direct current transmission. This type of transmission is preferred over HVAC transmission for very long distance when considering the cost, losses and many other factors. The names Electrical superhighway or Power superhighway are often used for HVDC.HVDC Transmission SystemWe know that AC power is generated in the generating station. This

Load CurveA graphical plot showing the variation in demand for energy of the consumers on a source of supply with respect to time is known as the load curve.If this curve is plotted over a time period of 24 hours, it is known as daily load curve. If its plotted for a week, month, or a year, then its named as the weekly, monthly or yearly load curve respectively.The load duration curve reflects the activity of a population quite accurately with respect to electrical power consumption over a given

We can not store electricity. Thus we have to generate electricity when it is required and as much it is required. The electrical source either it is generating station or substation or any other electric utility, has to fulfil the maximum demand of all connected loads to that source. But we are fortunate enough that the maximum demands of all the loads connected to a source usually do not happen simultaneously. Instead, maximum loading demands of various loads occur at different period of times

Mobile substations are a type of power distribution system that can be transported and installed quickly and easily in different locations. They are used to provide temporary or emergency power supply to areas where the grid is unavailable or has been damaged, such as construction sites, disaster zones, remote areas, or events. They can also be used to test, maintain, or replace existing substations, or to integrate renewable energy sources into the grid.Mobile substations consist of various com

A power system is a network of electrical components that generate, transmit, and distribute electricity to end users. The power system operates at a certain frequency, which is the number of cycles per second of the alternating current (AC) voltage and current. The most common frequencies used for power systems are 50 Hz and 60 Hz, depending on the region of the world. But why do we use these frequencies and not others? What are the advantages and disadvantages of different frequencies? And how

The extra high voltage transmission lines transmit huge amount of electric power. Hence, it is always desirable that the continuation of power flow through the lines should not be interrupted for a long time. There may be a temporary or permanent fault in the lines. Temporary faults get automatically cleared, and these do not require any attempt for fault rectification. It is normal practice by the operators that after each initial faulty tripping of the line, they close the line. If the fault i

Presently 3-ø AC system is very popular and being used worldwide for power generation, power transmission, distribution and for electric motors.Three phase system has the following advantages as compare to single phase system: Power to weight ratio of 3-øalternatoris high as compared to 1-ø alternator. That means for generation for same amount ofElectric Power, the size of 3-ø alternator is small as compare to 1-ø alternator. Hence, the overall cost of alternator is reduced for generation of sam

What is a Power System?An electric power system is defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer, and consume electric power. The supply is done through some form of generation (e.g. a power plant), the transfer is done through a transmission (via a transmission line) and distribution system, and the consumption can be through residential applications such as powering the lights or air conditioning in your home, or via industrial applications such as the operation of lar

The connection of several generating stations in a network of particular transmission voltage level is commonly known as electrical grid system. By interconnecting different power generating stations we can solve various difficulties arise in power system. The structure, or “network topology” of a grid can vary depending on the the load and generation characteristics, constraints of budget and the requirements for system reliability. The physical layout is often forced by the geology and land av