What is an Electrical Isolation Switch?Isolator DefinitionAn isolator in electrical systems is a manually operated mechanical switch that separates a part of the circuit for safe maintenance.A circuit breaker trips the circuit, but its open contacts are not visible from the outside. Therefore, it is unsafe to touch an electrical circuit by just switching off the breaker. For better safety, we need a way to visibly confirm that the circuit is open before touching it. An isolator is a mechanical s

Radial distribution system

Electrical Power Distribution System DefinitionAn electrical power distribution system is defined as a network that delivers power to individual consumer premises at a lower voltage level.An electrical power distribution system provides power to individual consumer premises. The distribution of electric power to different consumers is transmitted via a much lower voltage level compared to the transmission of power over long distances (i.e. over long transmission lines).The distribution of electr

Two examples of ring network

What is the Ferranti Effect?Ferranti Effect DefinitionThe Ferranti effect is defined as the increase in voltage at the receiving end of a long transmission line compared to the sending end. This effect is more noticeable when the load is very small or there is no load (open circuit). It can be described as a factor or a percentage increase.In general practice, current flows from higher potential to lower potential to balance the electrical potential difference. Usually, the sending end voltage i

What are ABCD Parameters ?ABCD Parameters DefinitionABCD parameters are used to model transmission lines in a two-port network, linking input and output voltages and currents.ABCD parameters (also known as chain or transmission line parameters) are generalized circuit constants used to help model transmission lines. More specifically, ABCD parameters are used in the two port network representation of a transmission line. The circuit of such a two-port network is shown below:ABCD Parameters of a

Equivalent circuits for multiple voltage levels

What is Admittance?Admittance DefinedAdmittance measures how easily current flows through a circuit and is measured in siemens.Impedance RelationAdmittance is the inverse of impedance, demonstrating opposite functionality in allowing current flow.Admittance is also a complex number as impedance which is having a real part, Conductance (G) and imaginary part, Susceptance (B).(it is negative for capacitive susceptance and positive for inductive susceptance)Admittance ComponentsIt includes conducta

What is Long Transmission Line?Definition of Long Transmission LineA long transmission line is defined as a transmission line longer than 250 km (150 miles), which needs a different modeling approach.A long transmission line is defined as a transmission line with a length greater than 250 km (150 miles). Unlike short transmission lines and medium transmission lines, long transmission lines need detailed modeling of their distributed parameters along the entire length. This makes calculating the

Equivalent circuit with ideal transformer