When working with individual capacitors in electronic circuits, it is essential to understand theirbehaviour and effects. For example, in a series arrangement, the positive plate of one capacitor is connected to the negative plate of the next capacitor in line. This unique connection impacts the circuit's total equivalent capacitance (C_total), causing the total capacitance to be smaller than the smallest individual capacitance (C) present in the series.A series circuit is characterized by its l

Resistance in series refers to the arrangement of individual resistors end to end in a circuit so that the current flows through each resistor. In this configuration, the total resistance (R) of the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, also known as the equivalent R.To calculate the total R in a series circuit, the individual resistances of each resistor are added together. The formula to calculate the equivalent resistance in a series connection is Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 +

Nominal voltage (NV) is a vital aspect of electrical systems, serving as a reference point for designing, manufacturing, and testing equipment. In addition, it influences electrical systems' performance, efficiency, and safety, with voltage regulation ensuring that voltage (V) levels remain within acceptable tolerances. Understanding the differences between nominal voltage, operating voltage (OV), and rated voltage (RV) is crucial for professionals and enthusiasts to ensure the effective operati

Understanding the short circuit definition and associated risks is crucial for ensuring electrical safety in homes and workplaces. By knowing the common causes of short circuits and employing preventive measures such as regular inspections, proper installation, and protective devices like circuit breakers and GFCIs, we can minimize the dangers associated with short circuits and create a safer environment for everyone.A short circuit phenomenon occurs in electrical circuits and poses potential sa

Voltage drop (VD) occurs whenthe voltage at the end of a run of cable is lower than at the beginning. Any length or size of wires will have some resistance, and running a current through this dc resistancewill cause the voltage to drop. As the length of the cable increases, so does its resistance and reactance increase in proportion. Hence, VD is particularly a problem with long cables runs, for example in larger buildings or on larger properties such as farms. This technique is often used when

What is Alternating Current?Alternating current is a fundamental aspect of electrical systems that have shaped our world in countless ways. Its ability to be easily generated, converted to different voltages, and transmitted over long distances has made it the preferred choice for power transmission and distribution. Additionally, the many advantages of AC, such as compatibility with various devices and safety features, have made it indispensable in our daily lives.In the world of electricity, t

Wiedemann-Franz law is the law which relates the thermal conductivity (κ) and the electrical conductivity (σ) of a material which consists of somewhat freely moving electrons in it. Thermal Conductivity (κ):It is the degree (measure) of capacity of a material to conduct heat. Electrical Conductivity (σ):It is the degree (measure) of capacity of a material to conduct electricity.In metals; when temperature increases, the velocity of free electrons increases and that leads to an increase in heat t

What is Faraday’s LawFaraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (referred to as Faraday’s law) is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.Faraday’s law states that a current will be induced in a conductor which is exposed to a changing magnetic field. Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the direction of this induced current

What is Lenz’s Law?Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the direction of the current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field (as per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction) is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing magnetic field which produced it. The direction of this current flow is given by Fleming’s right hand rule.This can be hard to understand at first—so let’s look at an example problem.Remember that when a

It’s a common misconception that all electricians need to be able to read an electrical meter. Fortunately, this is not the case.If you’re starting as an electrician aspirant or if you’re interested in getting into the trade, then you might want to know how to read a multimeter before reading on.The first thing you’ll notice about a multimeter is that it has two probes sticking out of it, and either one can be used for testing voltage, amperage, or resistance.Both probes must be there because so