What is the Rankine Cycle?The Rankine Cycle is a mechanical cycle commonly used in power plants to convert the pressure energy of steam into mechanical energy through steam turbines. The Rankine Cycle’s major components include a rotating steam turbine, a boiler pump, a stationary condenser, and a boiler.A boiler is used to heat the water for steam at the required pressure and temperature as per the turbine’s requirement for power generation.The turbine exhaust is directed to the radial or axial

Carnot CycleThe Carnot cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that is known for the best possible efficiency. Carnot cycle changes the energy available in the form of heat to produce useful reversible-adiabatic (isotropic) and other processes.Carnot engine efficiency is one minus the ratio of the temperature of the hot thermal reservoir to the temperature of the cold reservoir. The Carnot cycle is known for setting the highest efficiency benchmark that any cycle or engine can achieve.Work is done by the

The objective is to develop the basics understanding of the following concepts: Internal Energy and First Law of Thermodynamics The cyclic and arbitrary process of a system Reversibility and Irreversibility Entropy and Enthalpy Second Law of ThermodynamicsInternal Energy and First Law of ThermodynamicsWhen the energy of a molecule within a system is associated with the property of the system, then it is termed as Internal Energy(u).Energy neither be created nor be destroyed and based on this pri

The fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics play an important role in moving towards a better world, through improvement in performance of the plant, equipment, and their overall design.Factors that are critical in assessing the performance of the equipment are items like the output of the final product, consumption of input raw material, production cost, and assessment of the effect on environmental. Engineers today are using the concept of thermodynamics to examine and reinvent things which

The expression of the pressure difference between inside and outside of a chimney shows that it has a term which is the height of the chimney. To achieve sufficient pressure difference between two points or to attain enough natural draught we have to increase the height of the chimney which is not always practical in the view of cost-effectiveness. In those cases, we have to think about artificial draught instead of natural draught. We can achieve artificial draught, mainly with two methods. One

Variety of materials are used for constructing Cooling Tower structures. Materials like fiber glass are used for constructing package cooling towers. However for field erected cooling towers material like steel, fiber glass, redwood and concrete and be used depending upon the project location and client preference.Plus and minuses of each cooling tower material is given below:Wood:Redwood as a material in cooling tower was used in 70’s and 80’s for small capacity cooling towers. Now a days becau

The boiler produces steam. If we utilize, a small portion of the pressurized steam for producing draught in a boiler system then we call the draught as steam jet draught. As the steam, causes the draught, generated in the boiler itself, there will be no need for extra electric power to run draught fans. Steam jet draught is a straight forward form of draught system in a boiler. No demand for additional electricity for running the draught fans hence reducing the cost of the system.Construction of

Purpose of a cooling tower is to reduce the temperature of circulating hot water to re-use this water again in the boiler. This hot water is coming from the condenser.How Cooling Tower Works?Hot water is coming at the inlet of the tower and pumped up to the header. The header contains nozzles and sprinklers which is used to spray water, and it will increase the surface area of water. After that, water comes to PVC filling; it used to reduce the speed of water. At the top the cooling tower, fans

Draught is the pressure difference which causes a flow of air or gases from one point to another point in the boiler system. Draught is required in a boiler system mainly due to two reasons. To supply sufficient air for completing the combustion. To remove flue gases from the system after combustion and the heat exchange.There are two types of draught applied to the boiler system. The natural draught The forced draughtWe will discuss here in this article about natural draught. The natural draugh

A natural draft cooling tower is a type of heat exchanger that cools water by direct contact with air. It is used in power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and natural gas plants to remove excess heat from the circulating water system. A natural draft cooling tower relies on the principle of convective flow to provide air circulation, without the need for fans or other mechanical devices. The airflow is driven by the density difference between the warm and moist air inside the tower