What is the Torque Equation of DC Motor?Torque DefinitionTorque in a DC motor is defined as the force’s tendency to cause or change rotational motion.When a DC machine is loaded either as a motor or as a generator, the rotor conductors carry current. These conductors lie in the magnetic field of the air gap.Thus each conductor experiences a force. The conductors lie near the surface of the rotor at a common radius from its center. Hence torque is produced at the circumference of the rotor and ro

Winding Resistance Test DefinitionThe winding resistance test of a transformer checks the health of transformer windings and connections by measuring resistance.Procedure of Transformer Winding Resistance MeasurementFor star connected winding, the resistance shall be measured between the line and neutral terminal.For star connected autotransformers the resistance of the HV side is measured between HV terminal and IV terminal, then between IV terminal and the neutral.For delta connected windings,

Temperature Rise Test DefinitionA temperature rise test of a transformer checks if the temperature increase of its winding and oil meets specified limits.Temperature Rise Test for Top Oil of Transformer First, the LV winding of the transformer is short-circuited. Then one thermometer is placed in a pocket in the transformer top cover. Other two thermometers are placed at the inlet and outlet of the cooler bank respectively. The voltage of such value is applied to the HV winding that power input

Dielectric Test DefinitionThe dielectric test of a transformer checks the insulation’s ability to handle voltage without breaking down.Separate Source Voltage Withstand Test of TransformerThis dielectric test checks the main insulation’s ability to withstand voltage between the winding and the earth.Procedure All three line terminals of the winding to be tested are connected together. Other winding terminals not under test and the transformer tank should be connected to the earth. Then a single-

Servo Motor DefinitionA servo motor is defined as a motor that operates on the principle of a servomechanism, crucial for precise position control.Robotics ApplicationsOne of the most popular applications of servo motors is in robotics. For example, a pick and place robot uses servo motors to pick an object from one position and place it in another. This precise movement is essential for the robot’s functionality.Now, in order to pick an object from position A and place it in position B the moto

What is a Servo Motor Controller ?Servo Motor Controller DefinitionA servo motor controller (or servo motor driver) is defined as a circuit used to control the position of a servo motor.Servo Motor Driver CircuitThe servo motor driver circuit includes a micro-controller, power supply, potentiometer, and connectors, ensuring precise motor control.Micro-controller RoleThe micro-controller generates PWM pulses at specific intervals to control the servo motor’s position accurately.Power SupplyThe po

What is a Servomechanism?Servomechanism DefinitionA servomechanism is an automated control system designed to maintain system output at a desired level using feedback loops.ComponentsThe system includes a controlled device, an output sensor, and a feedback system to monitor and adjust the device’s performance.Servo Motor BasicsA servo motor consists of a small DC motor equipped with a gear system and a potentiometer for precise control.Working Principle of Servo MotorA servo motor is basically a

What is Braking?Braking DefinitionBraking is the process of reducing the speed of a rotating machine, either mechanically or electrically.Types of BrakingBrakes are used to reduce or cease the speed of motors. We know that there are various types of motors available (DC motors, induction motors, synchronous motors, single phase motors etc.) and the specialty and properties of these motors are different from each other, hence this braking methods also differs from each other. But we can divide br

Braking of DC Motor DefinitionElectrical braking stops a DC motor by controlling voltage and current instead of using mechanical friction.Regenerative BrakingIt is a form of braking in which the kinetic energy of the motor is returned to the power supply system. This type of braking is possible when the driven load forces the motor to run at a speed higher than its no-load speed with a constant excitation.The motor back emf Eb is greater than the supply voltage V, which reverses the direction of

Servo Motor Control: A Complete GuideKey learnings:Servo Motor Control Defined: Servo motor control allows precise manipulation of motor position, speed, and acceleration through electronic signals.Feedback Mechanism: The feedback system, often a potentiometer or encoder, ensures the motor’s output matches the control input precisely.PWM Signal: Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is crucial for setting the servo’s position by varying the duration of electrical pulses.Arduino and Servo Motors: Using an