Dynamics of Electrical Drives DefinitionThe dynamics of electrical drives explain how motors and loads interact, especially when their speeds differ.Key ComponentsImportant components include the polar moment of inertia (J), angular velocity (Wm), motor torque (T), and load torque (T1).Fundamental Torque EquationThis equation shows that motor torque balances load torque and dynamic torque, which is crucial during changes in motion.J = Polar moment of inertia of motor loadWm = Instantaneous angul

This paper presented an overview of the characteristics of GFM inverters by comparison with those of traditional grid-following inverters, and the recent innovations in GFM inverter technologies were highlighted, summarizing the benefits and opportunities of GFM inverters for grid interactive operations under different scenarios.1.The functions of GFM inverters. GFM inverters are generally designed as voltage sources that regulate their voltages and frequencies in synergy with power grids thr