Hardening an electrical grid against electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) involves protecting the infrastructure from the potentially catastrophic effects of EMPs caused by high-altitude nuclear explosions or solar storms. Here’s how EMPs affect electrical grids and some strategies to mitigate their impact:How EMPs Affect Electrical GridsAn EMP can cause significant disruptions by inducing very strong currents and voltages in power lines over a wide area. This can lead to: Damage to Transformers and Ge