Doping DefinitionDoping is the process of adding impurities to a semiconductor to change its conductive properties.Donor ImpuritiesDonor impurities are pentavalent atoms added to semiconductors, contributing extra free electrons, creating n-type semiconductors.N-Type SemiconductorWhen n-type or donor impurities are added to a semiconductor, the forbidden energy gap in the lattice structure narrows. Donor atoms introduce new energy levels just below the conduction band. These levels are discrete